Annotation: (Українська) У поданій на рецензування статті автори звертаються до проблеми, яка має надзвичайно високу практичну значущість для сфери автотехнічної експертизи, безпеки дорожнього руху та запобігання дорожньо-транспортним пригодам. Тема вибору та експлуатації автомобільних шин напряму стосується як науковців, так і широкого кола практиків – від експертів-криміналістів до звичайних водіїв.

Annotation: This paper presents a comparative analysis of commercial truck insurance premiums across state, including state laws, regional discrepancy, and cost reduction approaches, to facilitate understanding the nuances of commercial truck insurance and make more informed decisions. Operating commercial trucks naturally involves significant risks, ranging from accidents to cargo damage and theft, so commercial truck insurance is a must for all carriers. Without adequate insurance coverage, one may jeopardize all the business operations and financial stability. Moreover, commercial truck insurance is a legal obligation in most jurisdictions. Supervisory entities impose strict mandates on carriers to make sure they have sufficient insurance coverage to protect against liability from accidents or damages involving equipment and employees. Nonetheless, commercial truck insurance costs and requirements may vary from state to state.

Annotation: (Українська) Стаття присвячена аналізу того, як компанії розширюють свій асортимент і чому цей процес не завжди дає очікуваний результат. Пояснюється, що саме масштабування продуктового ряду стало однією з найпопулярніших стратегій зростання, адже дозволяє залучати нових покупців і утримувати постійних. Разом з тим наведено аргументи, чому без ґрунтовних досліджень і планування це перетворюється на джерело проблем: зростають витрати, виникає конкуренція між власними продуктами, ускладнюється робота з партнерами та дистриб’юторами, розмивається образ бренду. Розглянуто різні моделі розширення - від виходу у нові цінові сегменти та додавання проміжних форматів до запуску товарів у суміжних категоріях. У статті наведено приклади як вдалих, так і провальних кейсів світових і локальних брендів, щоб показати ключові фактори успіху і типові помилки. Окремий акцент зроблено на реакції покупців: що відбувається, коли вибір стає надто складним, і чому споживачі не приймають продукти, які не відповідають уявленню про бренд. На основі аналізу сформульовано практичні рекомендації для бізнесу: проводити попереднє тестування і маркетингові дослідження, чітко визначати цільову аудиторію, узгоджувати запуск між усіма відділами, відстежувати ризик канібалізації і своєчасно оптимізувати портфель. Матеріал має практичну користь для керівників та маркетологів, адже допомагає не лише зрозуміти ризики, а й отримати конкретні орієнтири, як масштабувати асортимент без шкоди для продажів та репутації.

Annotation: The article discusses the important issue of balancing environmental sustainability and interior aesthetics with a limited budget. It explores modern techniques and materials that can help create a stylish and eco-friendly space without significant financial investment. The article emphasizes the use of natural and recycled materials, energy-efficient lighting, and minimalist design, which can help reduce costs and promote sustainable development. It provides practical tips for interior planning that allow for the harmonious integration of beauty, comfort, and environmental responsibility, while taking into account financial constraints.

Annotation: The article discusses effective methods of space zoning and organization aimed at enhancing functionality and comfort in residential and working spaces. It explores key planning principles, as well as the use of furniture, lighting, and decorative elements to create distinct zones that serve different purposes. Special attention is given to adaptive solutions that optimize space utilization, enhance ergonomics, and improve the visual appeal of interiors. Practical recommendations and contemporary technologies are offered to facilitate the rational allocation of space while preserving aesthetics and facilitating free movement. The article is intended for designers, architects, and anyone seeking to create harmonious and efficient environments.

Annotation: A comprehensive analysis is conducted of how local cultural traditions, dominant aesthetic paradigms, and socio-normative prescriptions shape the development of wedding dress design concepts and influence the formulation of marketing strategies for their introduction to the global arena. The relevance of this study is determined by the irreversible growth in the diversity of consumer preferences and the drive of brands to enter international markets. The objective of the article is to detail and systematize the strategies and mechanisms through which cultural factors affect the processes of constructing and commercializing bridal attire, as well as to identify effective strategies for their cultural adaptation. Attention is focused on the principal semiotic and aesthetic components of design—silhouette, color palette, textile material characteristics, and decorative techniques—and on how these elements acquire symbolic significance within various sociocultural systems. In parallel, a review of marketing approaches is presented, encompassing the transformation of advertising narratives, the selection of optimal communication channels, and the establishment of pricing policies that account for the regional cultural specificities of target audiences. The practical and theoretical significance of the findings lies in the provision of valuable recommendations for specialists in intercultural marketing and fashion design, as well as for enterprises in the bridal industry aiming to secure sustainable development in a globalized market. In conclusion, it is emphasized that understanding and respectfully incorporating local cultural particularities become decisive factors in the competitiveness and long-term success of brands engaged in the creation and sale of wedding dresses.

Annotation: This article examines the impact of different diet types, plant‐based and Western, on the composition and functional state of the gut microbiota, its metabolites, and related immunometabolic processes. The relevance of this study is rooted in the key role of the microbiota as an “auxiliary organ” that synthesizes vitamins, regulates energy metabolism, and shapes immune tolerance through the production of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which account for a substantial portion of interindividual differences attributable specifically to diet. This work aims to systematically describe and quantitatively assess changes in taxonomy, metabolomes, and markers of barrier function and inflammation when switching to plant‐based versus Western dietary patterns, drawing on the latest metagenomic cohorts, intervention studies, and multi‐omic analyses. Methodologically, the study combines metagenomics (shotgun sequencing, 16S rRNA), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of SCFAs, measurement of permeability and inflammation markers (CRP, IL‐6, TNF-α, zonulin, LBP), and multivariate statistical models. The novelty of this work lies in the integration of large‐scale population data with controlled intervention results, which not only confirmed a consistent increase in butyrate‐producing genera and SCFA levels on plant‐based diets but also traced in detail the molecular mechanisms of their anti‐inflammatory action via GPR41/43 receptors and histone deacetylase inhibition, while juxtaposing these effects against dysbiosis, endotoxemia, and chronic inflammation observed with Western‐type diets. This article will be valuable to dietitians, microbiologists, clinical researchers, and preventive medicine specialists interested in evidence‐based microbiota modulation through rational nutrition.

Annotation: Studying the cognitive factor in website personalization is an integral part of creating effective, user-oriented digital products. It helps to increase the convenience, satisfaction and commercial success of resources, which makes this aspect especially relevant in the face of growing competition and requirements for high-quality UX.

Annotation: The U.S. trucking industry is a driving force and a linchpin of national freight transportation assuring economic connectivity and security. However, it faces intense challenges such as driver shortages, infrastructure constraints, decarbonization pressures, technological disruption, and regulatory uncertainty. This paper reviews current barriers to innovation in the trucking sector and outlines prospective directions for research and practice. Emphasis is placed on automation, electrification, digitalization, workforce development, and sustainability. The purpose of this article, based on recent reports, industry white papers, and academic research, is to provide a comprehensive overview for stakeholders and researchers interested in the development of trucking in the United States.

Annotation: This scientific article offers a comprehensive analysis of international legal acts in road safety, their systematization, and the specifics of their application in the modern context. The research traces the evolution of international legal regulation from early 20th-century conventions to contemporary multilateral agreements, assesses the effectiveness of existing mechanisms through comparative legal analysis, and identifies promising directions for development given global transport security challenges. It examines in detail the fundamental international documents regulating the cross-border movement of vehicles, in particular the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic of 1968, the Geneva Convention on Road Traffic of 1949, and related regulatory acts, including technical regulations, protocols, and recommendations of specialized international organizations such as the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. The article employs doctrinal and empirical research methods to critically analyze the mechanisms of implementing international legal norms into national legislation and the problems of harmonizing different legal systems. Special attention is paid to regional integration processes and their impact on the standardization of road safety requirements across jurisdictions with other legal traditions and socio-economic conditions. The article proposes an innovative theoretical and methodological approach to classifying international legal acts in the studied field, developing an original typology based on criteria of legal force, scope of application, and functional purpose. Based on a systematic analysis of international practice involving data from over 30 countries, key trends in the development of legal regulation of road safety in the context of globalization, digital transformation of transport systems, and integration of autonomous vehicles are identified. The practical significance of the research extends to providing a foundation for legislative improvements and international cooperation initiatives aimed at reducing road traffic fatalities globally. The scientific value of the research lies in its comprehensive approach to studying international legal mechanisms for ensuring road safety and formulating specific proposals for optimizing the processes of implementing global standards in Ukrainian legislation.