Annotation: (Українська) Інтенсивне посилення міжнародних екологічних вимог і політики переходу до низьковуглецевої економіки спричинило безпрецедентний тиск на світове судноплавство, що актуалізує потребу в глибокому перегляді паливно-енергетичних підходів. Декарбонізація морського транспорту вже не обмежується модернізацією окремих суднових систем, а охоплює комплексне впровадження альтернативних палив, технологій уловлювання викидів та операційних рішень, здатних забезпечити суттєве скорочення інтенсивності CO2. Метою дослідження є аналіз реалізованих та інноваційних підходів до скорочення викидів CO2 у морському транспорті з акцентом на порівняльних характеристиках альтернативних видів палива, технологіях енергоефективності та шляхах адаптації українського судноплавства до нової екологічної парадигми. Методологічну основу становлять системний і порівняльний підходи, метод аналізу життєвого циклу палив, структурно-функціональний розбір інфраструктурних рішень та критична інтерпретація сучасних наукових джерел. У результаті дослідження встановлено, що застосування альтернативних палив формується як багатовекторний процес, в якому СПГ відіграє роль перехідного енергоносія, метанол демонструє високу гнучкість експлуатації за умови доступності «зелених» версій, аміак забезпечує потенційно мінімальні прямі викиди, тоді як біопаливо створює найреалістичнішу нішу для України завдяки можливості використання в наявних двигунах. Проаналізовано ефективність технічних рішень від модернізації силових установок до післяспалювального уловлювання CO2, а також операційні інструменти, що забезпечують негайне зниження емісій через оптимізацію режимів руху. Сформовано перспективні напрями для України, серед яких розвиток біопаливних кластерів, створення бункерувальної інфраструктури для альтернативних палив, інтеграція до «зелених» коридорів ЄС та адаптація нормативної бази відповідно до вимог IMO та європейського законодавства. У висновках підкреслено, що декарбонізація судноплавства є довгостроковим процесом, що поєднує технологічні інновації, інституційну підтримку та модернізацію інфраструктури. Результати дослідження можуть бути використані у стратегічному плануванні, формуванні державної політики, розробленні галузевих дорожніх карт та ухваленні інвестиційних рішень судноплавними компаніями. Перспективи подальших досліджень пов’язані з поглибленим моделюванням впливу «зелених» версій палив, оцінюванням надійності двигунів на аміаку та водні, а також із розробленням інструментів цифрового моніторингу викидів у реальному часі.

Annotation: This article presents a multilingual analysis of expressiveness in English and Ukrainian, considering their typological, cultural, and communicative characteristics. The study examines the main lexico-semantic, morphological, syntactic, and phonetic-prosodic means through which expressiveness is achieved. Examples of linguistic units are provided to illustrate various mechanisms for conveying emotionality and imagery. The research identifies both shared and distinctive features of expressive expression in the two languages. The findings indicate that English expresses emotion primarily through contextual and logical strategies, while Ukrainian is marked by high emotional intensity, morphological productivity, and intonational expressiveness.

Annotation: The article examines the microbiological risks associated with the nail industry and analyzes the main stages of ensuring safety during manicure and pedicure procedures. Particular attention is given to three key processes: cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization of instruments. The dangers of reusing consumables—such as buffers, files, and gloves—which can accumulate pathogenic microorganisms and contribute to infection transmission between clients, are highlighted. The study provides a comparative analysis of sterilization methods, including dry-heat sterilizers, autoclaves, and ultrasonic baths, assessing their effectiveness, advantages, and limitations. The principles of organizing a safe working environment are also described, including proper storage of sterile instruments, maintaining documented sterilization logs, and adherence to personal hygiene by technicians. The findings emphasize the need for a systematic approach to cleanliness control and sanitary standards in nail services to reduce the risk of infectious complications, improve service quality, and ensure the safety of both clients and specialists.

Annotation: The article provides an in-depth analysis of the photopolymerization of gel materials, focusing on the influence of UV/LED lamp parameters on the chemical completeness of curing. Particular attention is paid to how insufficient irradiance, uneven light distribution, and mismatch between the spectral output of the lamp and the absorption range of photoinitiators (365–405 nm) lead to the formation of layers with a low degree of monomer conversion. It is shown that such polymerization defects promote the accumulation of residual monomers, which can penetrate through the nail plate or come into contact with the skin, increasing the risk of allergic sensitization in technicians and clients. The study also includes a technical comparison of inexpensive and professional lamps, including an assessment of diode types, power stability, cooling quality, and the ability to ensure sufficient polymerization depth. The results demonstrate that a scientifically grounded selection of a lamp is a key factor in ensuring safe and complete curing of gel systems.

Annotation: It has been established that multimodality and multimodal metaphors combine various sign systems (visual, verbal, auditory, etc.) to create complex meanings in contemporary discourses and cultural texts.

Annotation: This article discusses modern laser treatment techniques aimed at effectively removing age spots on the skin and achieving a lifting effect. It analyzes the mechanisms of different laser types, their specific features, advantages, and indications for use. Special attention is given to photothermolysis and fractionated effects, which destroy melanin and stimulate new collagen production, helping to even skin tone and improve elasticity. The article presents data on clinical efficacy, safety, possible side effects, and contraindications of the procedures. It also discusses the prospects for combined laser platforms, which allow for personalized treatment and achieve aesthetic results with minimal rehabilitation time. The aim of this work is to systematically gather information about the synergistic effects of lasers in correcting pigmentation and improving skin firmness.

Annotation: The article discusses the importance of strategic thinking in successful B2B sales leadership. It emphasizes the significance of seeing long-term perspectives, analyzing market trends, and adapting business models to changing circumstances. This approach creates a competitive edge and enhances the effectiveness of managing sales teams. Special attention is given to the connection between a leader's strategic vision and their ability to establish trusting relationships with clients and partners. The article notes that a strategic approach fosters a corporate culture that is focused on innovation and sustainable growth.

Annotation: In today's rapidly changing market landscape and with increasing competition, creating an effective partner sales ecosystem is essential for sustainable business growth. This study aims to develop a conceptual model and provide practical recommendations for creating and managing such an ecosystem. Through a comprehensive analysis of current approaches and successful case studies, we have identified key success factors and common mistakes in scaling partner programs. We propose a multi-tiered partner sales ecosystem structure, explore the principles of selecting partners, and discuss mechanisms for establishing effective relationships. Additionally, we explore tools for evaluating their contribution to a company's strategic development. The study's findings include methodological guidance for adapting a partner strategy to different business models and market circumstances, allowing companies to effectively extend their geographical reach, explore new market sectors, and enhance their competitive standing through collaboration with partners.

Annotation: The article formulates a theoretical and practical rationale for an atraumatic approach to the renewal of permanent makeup (PM) specifically for clients with compromised skin. The relevance of the topic is dictated by the growing number of patients with age-related skin changes (atrophy, thinning) and hypersensitivity (rosacea, post-acne), as well as clients who have previously undergone pigment removal procedures. Such skin requires fundamentally different, highly delicate implantation protocols. The aim of the study is to systematize the principles of atraumatic implantation for aging and reactive skin, focusing on techniques for the eyebrow, eyelid, and lip zones. The presented methodology is based on minimizing procedural trauma through controlled superficial pigment deposition, which is critical for preventing complications and achieving predictable aesthetic results on compromised skin. The material is addressed to practicing specialists in aesthetic medicine and permanent makeup who seek to optimize protocols for complex clinical cases.

Annotation: In an era of information overload, humanity is in particular need of art that can relieve tension. In this regard, comedy shows have become a powerful cultural phenomenon, reflecting contemporary realities through the prism of humor. The significance of comedy shows goes far beyond simple entertainment. This genre has become a powerful tool for social criticism, allowing sensitive topics such as discrimination, political contradictions, and social inequality to be raised in an accessible form. Through comedy shows, comedians often convey truths that might be rejected in a serious context. The entertainment industry is constantly changing, but the audience's demand for quality humor remains constant. Paradoxically, in the age of digital technology and virtual reality, the human need for laughter and lightheartedness is only growing stronger. This makes the question of creating effective humorous formats particularly relevant for producers and screenwriters. This article examines ways to use a humorous approach to create comedy shows. The practical value of the study lies in identifying and systematizing key trends in the transformation of comedy shows. The results of the work allow us to predict the further development of comedy shows, taking into account socio-cultural changes and technological innovations. Moreover, the recommendations developed can be applied in the professional activities of screenwriters, directors, and other specialists working in the field of entertainment content.