Annotation: Massage therapy is widely used to relieve muscle tension and improve circulation, yet the physiological mechanisms responsible for these effects remain fragmented across disciplines. This study constructs a hierarchical model of how massage acts on muscle tissue, the vascular system, and the nervous system at different levels of biological organization. Through a systematic review of 20 peer-reviewed sources, including shear-wave elastography studies, Doppler ultrasound investigations, near-infrared spectroscopy measurements, and molecular-level biopsy analyses published between 1990 and 2024, the study identifies four distinct levels at which massage exerts its effects: the tissue level (viscoelastic deformation and fascial remodeling), the macrovascular level (venous return facilitation without significant arterial flow increase), the microcirculatory level (capillary perfusion enhancement and lymphatic drainage), and the neuroreflex level (spinal, brainstem, and cortical modulation of muscle tone). A notable finding is that massage does not increase arterial blood flow to muscles, as demonstrated by Shoemaker et al. [8] and confirmed by Wiltshire et al. [10], contradicting a widely held assumption. At the molecular level, Crane et al. [1] showed that massage attenuates NF-κB signaling and stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis via PGC-1α activation. The study proposes three original analytical frameworks: a three-stage temporal model of muscle relaxation based on shear-wave elastography data [4; 6; 7], a concept of differentiated vascular response synthesizing Doppler and near-infrared evidence [8–12], and a comparative effectiveness matrix evaluating six massage techniques across six physiological parameters.

Annotation: This study explores the psychosocial mechanisms within the athlete-mentor dyad, aiming to define how systemic martial arts training fosters discipline, reduces deviant behavior and cultivates leadership traits among youth. The research employs a qualitative interdisciplinary approach, integrating sports pedagogy, behavioral psychology and sociological analysis. A system-structural analysis was utilized to model the discipline internalization loop. The empirical base includes a retrospective review of longitudinal case studies of high-performance athletes in boxing and wrestling over a 5-year period, alongside a comparative analysis of global and regional (Ukrainian) youth sports participation trends from 2005 to 2025. The findings indicate that the mentor serves as the primary architect of a hidden curriculum, where the internalization of rigid ethical codes acts as a predictor of both elite competitive success and social adaptation. The application of stress inoculation training demonstrated a strong correlation between the regulation of acute physiological stress and the development of adaptive tactical intelligence. A significant paradigmatic shift was observed in the Ukrainian cohort, where motivation for athletic engagement has transitioned from aesthetic aspirations to functional fortitude as a mechanism of national resilience. The study validates the athlete-mentor as an architect framework, concluding that the integration of hierarchical mimesis and progressive psychosocial overload effectively transforms raw aggression into social responsibility. Martial arts training is thus positioned as a critical institution for developing socially integrated leaders capable of operating under conditions of chronic external stress.

Annotation: The article examines how prepayment affects the structure of forward contracts with deferred pricing. This tool allows you to distribute credit and price risks between the parties. The analysis shows that prepayment reduces the risk of non-payment for the recipient, but at the same time increases the likelihood of non-repayment of funds and creates liquidity constraints for the payer. And in the case of an "open price", it can increase the conflict of interests around its fixation. The findings can be used to develop prepayment conditions, types of collateral, and price fixing rules to increase the stability of transaction execution.

Annotation: Jumping (plyometric) work can improve power, rate of force development, and jump performance, with some studies finding improvements comparable to the effects of traditional strength training/weightlifting for a range of speed-strength parameters. For strength athletes, the key question is not "should I jump?" but "how much should I jump" to achieve a stimulus without overloading the tendons or impairing recovery after lifting. This article proposes a practice-oriented model of "optimal volume" using clear metrics (contacts, intensity, frequency, weekly distribution) and based on data from systematic reviews/meta-analyses and methodological recommendations on plyometric volume.

Annotation: The article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations for the formation of hybrid development strategies of enterprises in the digital economy. The necessity of integrating traditional competitive strategies with digital business models, platform solutions, and data analytics tools is substantiated. The economic essence of the concept of a “hybrid enterprise development strategy” is clarified as an integrated system of strategic decisions that ensures the synergy of classical strategic management approaches and digital value creation mechanisms. A classification of hybrid strategies is proposed according to the vectors of digital transformation, including digital differentiation strategy, platform-product strategy, data-driven strategy, ecosystem strategy, and innovation-adaptive strategy. An integrated strategic management model considering the level of digital maturity of an enterprise and a system of performance indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of hybrid strategy implementation are developed. It is proved that the implementation of hybrid strategies enhances competitiveness, adaptability, and innovativeness of enterprises in a turbulent digital environment.

Annotation: This article explores the use of hand puppets and theatrical play techniques in educational and corrective–developmental work with children with autism spectrum disorders. The study analyses the psychoemotional and communicative characteristics of this group of children, as well as the limitations of traditional pedagogical approaches. A theatrical play–based approach is substantiated, in which the puppet character functions as a mediating tool that enables indirect pedagogical interaction. The paper outlines the methodological principles for organizing a theatrical play environment and describes the key stages of working with hand puppets. Observed outcomes of the practical application of the approach and the conditions supporting the sustainability of its effects in educational practice are also presented.

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Annotation: (Українська) В роботі розглядаються теоретичні передумови необхідності прогнозування соціально-економічних показників регіонального розвитку в рамках процесу стратегічного планування. Розкрито процес розробки економетричної моделі прогнозу та визначено основні характеристики та особливості трендових моделей соціально-економічного розвитку регіонів.

Annotation: Contemporary secondary education increasingly emphasises the development of students' capacity for meaningful learning, critical information analysis, and independent knowledge construction. This article examines project-based learning (PBL) as a pedagogical approach with significant potential for fostering learner autonomy, analytical thinking, and metacognitive skills within humanities subjects at the secondary school level. Drawing on a review of research in project-based and problem-oriented learning, as well as reflective analysis of pedagogical practice, the paper describes a staged model for organising project work within classroom time. Particular attention is given to the teacher's role as facilitator and to the significance of formative assessment and structured reflection throughout the learning process. The findings indicate that PBL, when implemented as a sequential, supported, and reflective process, promotes the formation of durable learning strategies, the development of student independence, and deeper engagement with humanities content. The practical contribution of the article lies in a step-by-step pedagogical model grounded in teacher reflection and adaptable to standard school curricula.

Annotation: (Українська) Акрилові нігті захопили косметичний ринок два десятиліття тому, але питання про те, що вони роблять з природною нігтьовою пластиною, довго нікого особливо не цікавило. Ця робота розбирає механізми пошкодження нігтів після акрилового нарощування та збирає докупи протоколи відновлення на основі клінічних даних 2017-2024 років. Виявилося: основна біда йде від механічного спилювання під час підготовки та зняття, хімічного протравлювання кислотними праймерами, зневоднення через розчинники та руйнування ліпідного захисту. Клінічно це виглядає як витончення пластини на 20-35%, розшарування, поздовжні тріщини, підвищена ламкість. Відновлення базується на припиненні травмування, поверненні вологи та ліпідів, застосуванні кератинових засобів та стимуляції зони росту. Повна регенерація займає 4-6 місяців за умови повної відмови від акрилу. Профілактика включає низькокислотні праймери, м'яку обробку поверхні, делікатне зняття та обов'язкові перерви між процедурами.