Journal content No9 (september) 2025 y.

Annotation: This article presents the development and technical characteristics of the X-Finder metal detector, a next-generation wireless device that represents a significant technological breakthrough in the field of geophysical instrumentation. It is designed for detecting metallic objects in soil—such as coins, jewelry, artifacts, and tools—as well as for critical tasks like demining. Based primarily on a patented invention (utility model patent UA 156684 U, issued on July 24, 2024), the device features a frame-shaped sensor with crossbars, a telescopic rod, and wireless Bluetooth communication between the sensor and the control unit, eliminating the limitations of traditional wired systems and enabling continuous data transmission over several meters with the possibility of extension. Key innovations include advanced signal processing methods for noise suppression (0–30 levels), signal amplification (0–15 levels), and visual representation of detection data using hodographs and sinograms, outperforming modern analogues in both accuracy and speed of analysis. The scientific novelty and technological breakthrough lie in the integration of wireless communication with real-time signal analysis algorithms, including adaptive filtering (FIR filters with dynamic coefficients) and phase demodulation for VDI calculation (ranging from –88 to +88). This ensures enhanced portability (total weight 1140 g), detection depth up to 1 meter for large targets (compared to typical 30–45 cm in standard wireless detectors, as confirmed by industry data), and precise material discrimination, reducing false signals by 40% in mineralized soils. Experimental validation, based on standardized testing protocols [№ 23-0121-01 of 02.10.2023 and № RSHD20022], confirmed compliance with Ukrainian technical specifications [TU U 26.5-3012318215-001:2023] and international standards [7, p.9; DSTU EN 60335-1:2015 for safety and DSTU EN IEC 63000:2020 for environmental compliance]. This work contributes to the field of geophysical instrumentation by improving user ergonomics and detection accuracy in non-invasive archaeological and search applications, as well as in demining operations, paving the way for integration with AI and 3D visualization in line with global trends of 2024–2025, such as multifrequency scanning and smartphone connectivity.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the linguostylistic analysis of expressive means in O. Henry’s short story collection “Roads of Destiny” (“Шляхи долі”). It examines metaphors, epithets, comparisons, symbols, irony, wordplay, and other stylistic devices that shape the author’s unique style. Their role in creating emotional tension, revealing characters’ traits, building subtext, and achieving comic or dramatic effects is identified. The study demonstrates that expressive means serve not only a decorative but also a semantic function, giving O. Henry’s prose dynamism, rhythm, and distinctiveness.

Annotation: In the era of growing globalization and international relations, foreign law and the application of international treaties assume special significance for national legal systems. This article will analyze in detail the legislative regulation of notarial acts in Ukraine with respect to foreign jurisdictions. The urgency of writing this paper arises not only from global trends toward erasing legal boundaries but also from unprecedented challenges posed by martial law, which has led to a mass movement of Ukrainian citizens and a sharp increase in cross-border legal relationships. An overview will therefore be provided regarding the relevant national legislative framework, more specifically about some important provisions under the Law of Ukraine "On Notariate" and under the Law of Ukraine "On International Treaties. It overviews, typifies, and profoundly analyses the principal types of international agreements that apply to notaries' work, with special emphasis placed on bilateral treaties on legal assistance and consular conventions. There are highlighted problem areas of existing law enforcement practice due to the absence of a standing order for international acts and difficulties in their implementation under present-day conditions. In conclusion, findings are formulated regarding the need to systematize existing international instruments, develop a unified approach to the conclusion of new treaties, and adapt notarial activities to the digital transformation for the effective protection of the rights and interests of individuals and legal entities. This article will be useful for notaries and legal practitioners specializing in private international law and cross-border transactions, as well as for employees of consulates and ministries.

Annotation: This paper presents a comparative analysis of commercial truck insurance premiums across state, including state laws, regional discrepancy, and cost reduction approaches, to facilitate understanding the nuances of commercial truck insurance and make more informed decisions. Operating commercial trucks naturally involves significant risks, ranging from accidents to cargo damage and theft, so commercial truck insurance is a must for all carriers. Without adequate insurance coverage, one may jeopardize all the business operations and financial stability. Moreover, commercial truck insurance is a legal obligation in most jurisdictions. Supervisory entities impose strict mandates on carriers to make sure they have sufficient insurance coverage to protect against liability from accidents or damages involving equipment and employees. Nonetheless, commercial truck insurance costs and requirements may vary from state to state.