Annotation: A comparative analysis of the concepts of smart cities and partial deurbanization from the point of view of environmental safety and economic efficiency was carried out. Important proposals for the program of partial deurbanization and the priority management decisions on the way to their implementation are presented.

Annotation: The assortment, composition and application of biological medicinal preparations of medicinal valerian, used for the treatment of the nervous system, were investigated.

Annotation: The rapid coexistence of legacy and modern radio technologies has transformed contemporary cellular infrastructure into a layered communication environment where heterogeneous systems such as GSM, UMTS, and LTE operate within a shared spectral and interference space. Under these circumstances, traditional optimization techniques that treat individual base stations or isolated network segments as independent control units increasingly reveal their limitations. Fragmented parameter tuning frequently leads to local improvements that inadvertently propagate inefficiencies elsewhere in the network topology. Addressing this challenge requires analytical frameworks capable of perceiving the radio access network as an interconnected organism whose performance emerges from the collective behavior of clusters of cells rather than from the configuration of a single node. This study proposes an integrated multi-layer optimization approach that synchronizes cluster-level network analysis with cell-level parameter adjustment within a unified feedback-driven control structure. The suggested method introduces a mathematical model that simultaneously evaluates key performance indicators, including throughput, latency, resource utilization, and user-perceived service quality, while dynamically adapting operational parameters such as transmission power, antenna configuration, and load distribution across neighboring cells. Unlike conventional optimization strategies that operate within a single analytical scale, the proposed framework interweaves macro-level traffic equilibrium with micro-level radio control decisions. To investigate the practical viability of the model, a dedicated analytical software environment was developed using Python and applied to realistic signal measurements from the Cellular Network Analysis Dataset. The experimental evaluation demonstrates that the integrated optimization process enables a more balanced redistribution of network load, improves the stability of key performance indicators, and enhances overall service quality across heterogeneous radio layers. The results indicate that coupling cluster-oriented analytics with adaptive cell-level control creates a synergistic optimization effect that cannot be achieved through traditional single-layer methods. The proposed approach contributes to the ongoing development of intelligent radio access network management by offering a structured pathway toward automated optimization of heterogeneous cellular infrastructures, particularly during transitional phases where legacy technologies coexist with newer broadband systems.

Annotation: The article presents an interdisciplinary analysis of the effect of various heat treatment methods on the bioavailability of micronutrients. The theoretical foundations of this process are revealed, including the stages of release, digestion, and assimilation of nutrients. The importance of the food matrix and the chemical form of nutrients for their digestibility is emphasized. Technological, biochemical, and biomedical approaches to assessing changes that occur when food is heated are analyzed. A classification of thermal treatments is proposed, and their main mechanisms of action on micronutrients are described. It has been found that water-soluble vitamins are most susceptible to losses during cooking, while carotenoids and fat-soluble compounds may exhibit increased bioavailability due to the destruction of cellular structures. The effect of processing depends on the type of product, its composition, and cooking conditions. The article provides a comparative analysis of various food groups. In particular, the changes occurring with vegetables, fruits, cereals, meat, fish, and eggs are considered. Based on the analysis, practical recommendations have been formulated on the choice of cooking methods that will preserve the nutritional value of products.

Annotation: The methodological aspects of assessing the effectiveness of state administration in the field of national security were investigated. The author has highlighted evaluation criteria, requirements for performance indicators. Several methods of assessing the effectiveness of state administration in the field of national security are described: effective or targeted (based on the achievement of the optimal level of national security); relative or cost-effective (based on the ratio of public administration costs and the results obtained in the field of national security).

Annotation: The article analyzes Ukrainian legislation in the aspect of legal regulation of accounting and taxation of small business entities in Ukraine. It was noted that small business entities play an important role in maintaining the economic stability of Ukraine. The main laws and regulatory acts that regulate the economic activity of small businesses are considered. It was established that the unstable situation in Ukraine gave an impetus to change the regulatory and legal regulation of economic activity of enterprises. In the conditions of constant changes in legislation and legal regulation, entrepreneurs face problems related to contradictions in the legal regulation of accounting and taxation of their activities.

Annotation: The article examines the reasons and prerequisites for the formation of Ukraine's foreign policy today, the main vectors of its development, in particular, the main aspects of cooperation and bilateral interaction between Ukraine and the European Union, as well as China and African countries. Scenarios for the development and building of relations with these interstate groups and individual states are identified. Prospects for the development of these scenarios in the context of the russian-Ukrainian war and in the post-war period are analyzed.

Annotation: Algorithms of recommendation systems related to healthy eating were investigated.

Annotation: The article highlights the most popular social networks. It pointed out the factors that have quite strongly influenced the form of marketing in recent years due to events in Ukraine and the world. The statistics of the use of platforms in the field of marketing are presented. Presented the statistics of the use of social networks (in the world) for a better understanding of the potential of platforms as tools for the promotion of companies. The main features in the application of marketing on social platforms are defined. Highlighted the main details in creating a marketing plan for the best promotion of a page or product using online platforms. We define the key questions for the correct construction of marketing policy. SMM as an integral part of modern marketing methods, its features in comparison with older methods of marketing campaigns. Defined what targeting is. Considered why targeting is an integral part of online marketing and what advantages it provides to companies that use this "tool" correctly. I determined where the data used to determine potential buyers for your products is taken. Determined the main goals and objectives of targeting for marketing in social networks. I noted what types of targeting exist, and which are the most involved. What are geographic targeting, behavioral targeting, socio-demographic targeting, contextual and time targeting. Defined what retargeting is and why it is needed. It singled out the key advantages of using online platforms to separate the target audience. It singled out the peculiarity of the use of social networks depending on the goals that the company seeks to achieve. He compared the features of the use of joint platforms by various market entities, depending on the size of the company and the goals it pursues. It pointed out which features of the selection of potential customers, the target audience, appear in companies that use advertising on the Internet, namely in social networks. Partly immersed in the financial benefits of internet marketing and the benefits of marketing in social networks and platforms.

Annotation: У статті розглянуто підхід до класифікації зовнішніх факторів, що впливають на фінансову звітність та їх застосування протягом проведення аналітичних процедур в аудиті, а також розглянуто на практиці оцінку впливу зовнішніх факторів на елементи фінансової звітності при застосуванні аналітичних процедур в аудиті.