Annotation: (Українська) У науковій статті авторами досліджено проблеми правового регулювання кримінальної відповідальності злодіїв в законі. Проведений системний аналіз національного та міжнародного законодавства, наслідком якого є порівняння визначення поняття «злодій в законі» у різних державах. Вказано про нагальну потребу внесення змін до кримінального законодавства з метою провадження ефективної боротьби із «злодіями в законі».

Annotation: (Українська) У статті розглядаються основні засади двох сучасних економічних моделей, порівнюються їхні характеристики та визначаються переваги кожної для економіки.

Annotation: The article provides the research of the soft law efficiency as a regulator of legal relations arising in the information sphere on the global level. Authors analyze international soft legal norms, which are used by international organizations. It is also proposed to move away from traditional perception of international law due to development of the modern information society. Soft law is a special type of law, because it generates specific legal consequences. Soft law is becoming an effective tool of legal regulation of the global information society.

Annotation: The necessity of analysis of the financial state of the enterprise, financial statements as an information base, analytical indicators for determining the financial status are considered.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of the notion of the standard of proof in relation with related concepts such as the proof and the burden of proof. The study found that there are three basic standards of proof in the procedural law of the world. Special attention is paid to analysis of it’s major features. The authors also analyze the practice of the European Court of Human Rights and national courts regarding the application of standards of proof. The conclusion is made about the need for legislative consolidation of standards of evidence in Ukraine. According to the results of the conducted studying was made the conclusion about the necessity of legislative consolidation of standards of evidence in Ukraine.

Annotation: The article identifies the position of force majeure in the conceptual apparatus of international public law. Its concepts and features are identified and analyzed. A distinction between force majeure and related concepts, such as force majeure, inability to perform, natural disasters, reservations about the immutability of the circumstances of the contract, the case was made. The requirements of the International Law Commission for recognizing force majeure in certain circumstances have been identified. The consequences of force majeure are determined and their peculiarities are characterized. Force majeure cases have been identified by international courts and tribunals.

Annotation: In the article, the authors examine one of the most common investigative (search) actions in criminal proceedings. This action is called interrogation. Attention does not focus on general considerations, but on one type of interrogation, namely, simultaneous interrogation. The purpose of such interrogation during the investigation is to find out the reasons for the discrepancy between the testimonies of the interrogated persons. The authors analyzed not only the provisions of the criminal procedure law, but also the doctrinal works of scientists and practitioners-processors for the study of this investigative (search) action peculiarities in the criminal proceedings framework. No less interesting for the study were questions related to psychological characteristics that are correctly and professionally used by investigators and prosecutors during simultaneous interrogations. With the help of this investigative (search) action, it is possible to obtain additional information, find out previously unknown circumstances of a criminal offense, as well as strengthen the psychological impact on the participant in criminal proceedings in order to obtain true testimonies. The authors make a comparison between interrogation and simultaneous interrogation, pay attention to the subject of each type. The paper raises the question of the expediency and necessity of conducting a simultaneous interrogation, it turns out cases when such an investigative (search) action is necessary, and when it can negatively affect the investigation process, participants in criminal proceedings, and so on. Scientists discuss the possibility of conducting investigative (search) actions in criminal proceedings, analyzes possible violations of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine that can be caused by simultaneous interrogation. In particular, attention is drawn to the access to justice principle, which was enshrined in paragraph 14 of Art. 7 Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine. In addition, the authors focus on other principles, such as the immediacy of the study of evidence, the adversarial process of the parties in the criminal process. At the end of the work, the authors focus on the problematic aspects that quite often occur during simultaneous interrogations, which negatively affects the investigation effectiveness as a whole and this investigative (search) action in particular. The authors also give recommendations that will help not only to avoid violations of the criminal procedural law during simultaneous interrogation, but also to make the action as effective as possible.

Annotation: An algorithm for efficient segmentation based on graphs for processing medical images of the spine is considered and analyzed.

Annotation: In this article, the authors explore one aspect of contemporary criminal justice reform, namely the introduction of a criminal misconduct institution. The debate on this issue has been going on in Ukraine for a long time. As early as 1999, the Council of Europe recommended decriminalizing certain crimes or transferring them to other offenses so that they could not be imprisoned for committing them. By the time the new Criminal Code was drafted, the recommendation was decided not to introduce it into law, but some scholars began to talk about the need to create an institution of criminal misconduct. Today, this issue is still debatable and there is no consensus among scientists. But regardless of whether such changes are necessary to the system of Ukraine, it is necessary to outline what consequences it can have in order to avoid negative aspects. In the article, the authors drew attention to the problematic theoretical and practical aspects that may arise when introducing criminal offenses in Ukraine. The analysis of the main problems was carried out on the basis of doctrinal studies of prominent authors and the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Some Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Simplifying Pre-trial Investigation of Certain Categories of Criminal Offenses”. In our opinion, the consideration of this topic is currently very relevant, given that a law amending certain normative acts to introduce criminal offenses into our criminal justice system should enter into force by July 1, 2020. Therefore, it is advisable to consider all the risks and disadvantages of this process, based on the existing regulatory framework. The article focuses on the following issues: delineation of administrative offenses, crimes and criminal offenses; respect for human rights and freedoms within the framework of criminal investigations; expediency of such reform, etc.

Annotation: (Українська) У роботі розглядаються способи використання соціальних мереж як джерел розвитку та самоосвіти студентів ВНЗ.