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Journal content No12 (december) 2025 y.

Multilingual aspect of expressiveness in the English and Ukrainian languages
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Bibliographic description of the article for the citation:

. Multilingual aspect of expressiveness in the English and Ukrainian languages//Science online: International Scientific e-zine - 2025. - №12. - https://nauka-online.com/en/publications/philology/2025/12/03-43/

Annotation: This article presents a multilingual analysis of expressiveness in English and Ukrainian, considering their typological, cultural, and communicative characteristics. The study examines the main lexico-semantic, morphological, syntactic, and phonetic-prosodic means through which expressiveness is achieved. Examples of linguistic units are provided to illustrate various mechanisms for conveying emotionality and imagery. The research identifies both shared and distinctive features of expressive expression in the two languages. The findings indicate that English expresses emotion primarily through contextual and logical strategies, while Ukrainian is marked by high emotional intensity, morphological productivity, and intonational expressiveness.

Keywords: cultural and national differences English language expressiveness stylistic devices tropes Ukrainian language англійська мова експресивність культурно-національні відмінності стилістичні засоби тропи українська мова
Categories: Philology
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Microbiological risks in the nail industry: disinfection, sterilization, and cleanliness control
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Bibliographic description of the article for the citation:

. Microbiological risks in the nail industry: disinfection, sterilization, and cleanliness control//Science online: International Scientific e-zine - 2025. - №12. - https://nauka-online.com/en/publications/other/2025/12/02-47/

Annotation: The article examines the microbiological risks associated with the nail industry and analyzes the main stages of ensuring safety during manicure and pedicure procedures. Particular attention is given to three key processes: cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization of instruments. The dangers of reusing consumables—such as buffers, files, and gloves—which can accumulate pathogenic microorganisms and contribute to infection transmission between clients, are highlighted. The study provides a comparative analysis of sterilization methods, including dry-heat sterilizers, autoclaves, and ultrasonic baths, assessing their effectiveness, advantages, and limitations. The principles of organizing a safe working environment are also described, including proper storage of sterile instruments, maintaining documented sterilization logs, and adherence to personal hygiene by technicians. The findings emphasize the need for a systematic approach to cleanliness control and sanitary standards in nail services to reduce the risk of infectious complications, improve service quality, and ensure the safety of both clients and specialists.

Keywords: autoclave buffers disinfection dry- heat sterilizer files microbiological risks nail industry nail-індустрія sterilization автоклав бафи дезінфекція мікробіологічні ризики пилки стерилізація сухожар
Categories: Other
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Multimodality and multimodal metaphors
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Bibliographic description of the article for the citation:

. Multimodality and multimodal metaphors//Science online: International Scientific e-zine - 2025. - №12. - https://nauka-online.com/en/publications/philology/2025/12/01-49/

Annotation: It has been established that multimodality and multimodal metaphors combine various sign systems (visual, verbal, auditory, etc.) to create complex meanings in contemporary discourses and cultural texts.

Keywords: discourse metaphor multimodality дискурс метафора мультимодальність
Categories: Philology
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