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Microbiological risks in the nail industry: disinfection, sterilization, and cleanliness control
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Bibliographic description of the article for the citation:

. Microbiological risks in the nail industry: disinfection, sterilization, and cleanliness control//Science online: International Scientific e-zine - 2025. - №12. - https://nauka-online.com/en/publications/other/2025/12/02-47/

Annotation: The article examines the microbiological risks associated with the nail industry and analyzes the main stages of ensuring safety during manicure and pedicure procedures. Particular attention is given to three key processes: cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization of instruments. The dangers of reusing consumables—such as buffers, files, and gloves—which can accumulate pathogenic microorganisms and contribute to infection transmission between clients, are highlighted. The study provides a comparative analysis of sterilization methods, including dry-heat sterilizers, autoclaves, and ultrasonic baths, assessing their effectiveness, advantages, and limitations. The principles of organizing a safe working environment are also described, including proper storage of sterile instruments, maintaining documented sterilization logs, and adherence to personal hygiene by technicians. The findings emphasize the need for a systematic approach to cleanliness control and sanitary standards in nail services to reduce the risk of infectious complications, improve service quality, and ensure the safety of both clients and specialists.

Keywords: autoclave buffers disinfection dry- heat sterilizer files microbiological risks nail industry nail-індустрія sterilization автоклав бафи дезінфекція мікробіологічні ризики пилки стерилізація сухожар
Categories: Other
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Photopolymerization of gels and the risk of incomplete curing: how to choose a safe lamp and curing mode
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Bibliographic description of the article for the citation:

. Photopolymerization of gels and the risk of incomplete curing: how to choose a safe lamp and curing mode//Science online: International Scientific e-zine - 2025. - №11. - https://nauka-online.com/en/publications/other/2025/11/10-25/

Annotation: The article provides an in-depth analysis of the photopolymerization of gel materials, focusing on the influence of UV/LED lamp parameters on the chemical completeness of curing. Particular attention is paid to how insufficient irradiance, uneven light distribution, and mismatch between the spectral output of the lamp and the absorption range of photoinitiators (365–405 nm) lead to the formation of layers with a low degree of monomer conversion. It is shown that such polymerization defects promote the accumulation of residual monomers, which can penetrate through the nail plate or come into contact with the skin, increasing the risk of allergic sensitization in technicians and clients. The study also includes a technical comparison of inexpensive and professional lamps, including an assessment of diode types, power stability, cooling quality, and the ability to ensure sufficient polymerization depth. The results demonstrate that a scientifically grounded selection of a lamp is a key factor in ensuring safe and complete curing of gel systems.

Keywords: emission spectrum gel photopolymerization residual monomers sensitization UV/LED lamps UV/LED-лампи залишкові мономери сенсибілізація спектр випромінювання фотополімеризація гелів
Categories: Other
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Technologies of laser removal of pigment spots with parallel lifting effect
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Bibliographic description of the article for the citation:

. Technologies of laser removal of pigment spots with parallel lifting effect//Science online: International Scientific e-zine - 2024. - №3. - https://nauka-online.com/en/publications/other/2024/3/04-37/

Annotation: This article discusses modern laser treatment techniques aimed at effectively removing age spots on the skin and achieving a lifting effect. It analyzes the mechanisms of different laser types, their specific features, advantages, and indications for use. Special attention is given to photothermolysis and fractionated effects, which destroy melanin and stimulate new collagen production, helping to even skin tone and improve elasticity. The article presents data on clinical efficacy, safety, possible side effects, and contraindications of the procedures. It also discusses the prospects for combined laser platforms, which allow for personalized treatment and achieve aesthetic results with minimal rehabilitation time. The aim of this work is to systematically gather information about the synergistic effects of lasers in correcting pigmentation and improving skin firmness.

Keywords: aesthetic medicine age spots cosmetology dermatology fractional photothermolysis laser removal lifting effect melanin neocollagenesis photo rejuvenation skin rejuvenation
Categories: Other
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Atraumatic renewal of permanent makeup: principles for working with sensitive facial areas
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Bibliographic description of the article for the citation:

. Atraumatic renewal of permanent makeup: principles for working with sensitive facial areas//Science online: International Scientific e-zine - 2025. - №11. - https://nauka-online.com/en/publications/other/2025/11/09-23/

Annotation: The article formulates a theoretical and practical rationale for an atraumatic approach to the renewal of permanent makeup (PM) specifically for clients with compromised skin. The relevance of the topic is dictated by the growing number of patients with age-related skin changes (atrophy, thinning) and hypersensitivity (rosacea, post-acne), as well as clients who have previously undergone pigment removal procedures. Such skin requires fundamentally different, highly delicate implantation protocols. The aim of the study is to systematize the principles of atraumatic implantation for aging and reactive skin, focusing on techniques for the eyebrow, eyelid, and lip zones. The presented methodology is based on minimizing procedural trauma through controlled superficial pigment deposition, which is critical for preventing complications and achieving predictable aesthetic results on compromised skin. The material is addressed to practicing specialists in aesthetic medicine and permanent makeup who seek to optimize protocols for complex clinical cases.

Keywords: aging skin atraumatic technique compromised skin delicate implantation permanent makeup renewal post-acne skin post-removal skin rosacea sensitive skin
Categories: Other
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