Rubric: Jurisprudence

Annotation: This scientific article offers a comprehensive analysis of international legal acts in road safety, their systematization, and the specifics of their application in the modern context. The research traces the evolution of international legal regulation from early 20th-century conventions to contemporary multilateral agreements, assesses the effectiveness of existing mechanisms through comparative legal analysis, and identifies promising directions for development given global transport security challenges. It examines in detail the fundamental international documents regulating the cross-border movement of vehicles, in particular the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic of 1968, the Geneva Convention on Road Traffic of 1949, and related regulatory acts, including technical regulations, protocols, and recommendations of specialized international organizations such as the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. The article employs doctrinal and empirical research methods to critically analyze the mechanisms of implementing international legal norms into national legislation and the problems of harmonizing different legal systems. Special attention is paid to regional integration processes and their impact on the standardization of road safety requirements across jurisdictions with other legal traditions and socio-economic conditions. The article proposes an innovative theoretical and methodological approach to classifying international legal acts in the studied field, developing an original typology based on criteria of legal force, scope of application, and functional purpose. Based on a systematic analysis of international practice involving data from over 30 countries, key trends in the development of legal regulation of road safety in the context of globalization, digital transformation of transport systems, and integration of autonomous vehicles are identified. The practical significance of the research extends to providing a foundation for legislative improvements and international cooperation initiatives aimed at reducing road traffic fatalities globally. The scientific value of the research lies in its comprehensive approach to studying international legal mechanisms for ensuring road safety and formulating specific proposals for optimizing the processes of implementing global standards in Ukrainian legislation.

Annotation: In this article the question of defence of the personal information and detail is investigated in the conditions of development of technological processes, innovations, scientific achievements, processes of globalization, martial law, and others like that.In particular, maintenance of these rights opens up and the order of their realization is analysed taking into account the newest achievements.Yes, aspects are foremost illuminated, when a right is violated on a detail and protection of the personal data : collection treatment, maintenance and use of the personal information for creation of profile of user of cookiefiles, watching and decoding of data by the research and information centers of company Google, capture of the personal data by means of street video of supervisions in particular at participating in the mass meeting, out-of control height of influence of transnational IT companies. Carrying out the analysis of current legislation in the field of adjusting of protection of the personal data, an author comes to the conclusion, that these norms are especially general, and for today relatively out-of -date. Carrying out the analysis of current legislation in the field of adjusting of protection of the personal data, an author comes to the conclusion, that these norms are especially general, and for today relatively out-of-date. Any references are absent to that exactly must fall under the categories of open и of the closed personal information, the concrete measures of influence are absent in connection with illegal collection and treatment of the personal information, not worked out measures of establishment of winy persons, and others like that.All this indicates the need to develop a new legislative framework, taking into account the challenges of today. In the future, it is proposed to borrow the experience of EU countries and the implementation of international norms into national legislation.Also, the problem aspects of defence of the personal information and detail open up in the conditions of introduction to Ukraine of martial law. Analysing norms that were accepted for adjusting of certain questions of the use of the personal data in the conditions of martial law, drawn conclusion, that they touch government bodies only, and in any way does not behave to the rights for citizens.As a research result, specified, that in the epoch of development of information technologies a right on a detail and defence of the personal information became the same inalienable value, as a right on life, and that is why, needs the clear, clever and effective fixing at legislative level.

Annotation: Provides a comprehensive analysis of current approaches to the investigation of war crimes in Ukraine in the context of the ongoing war and intensification of aggressive actions on its territory. Particular attention is paid to the challenges faced by pre-trial investigation bodies, in particular those related to global geopolitical changes, legal and regulatory gaps, as well as security issues, tactical difficulties and logistical challenges in collecting evidence and conducting investigative actions. The author systematizes the main problems and barriers faced by law enforcement agencies and proposes new approaches to overcome them.

Annotation: (Українська) Стаття присвячена дослідженню основних шляхів підвищення результативності у протидії фінансовому шахрайству в Україні. Проведено аналіз основних видів шахрайських схем, зокрема маніпуляції з фінансовими операціями, використання шкідливого програмного забезпечення, а також зловживання довірою. Також розглядаються сучасні методи шахрайства, зокрема використання новітніх технологій та криптовалют, що ускладнюють виявлення і боротьбу з такими злочинами. Розглянуто міжнародний досвід, зокрема співпрацю України з ЄС у межах програми EUAF, яка сприяє вдосконаленню механізмів боротьби з шахрайством за рахунок новітніх IT-інструментів та підвищення кваліфікації фахівців. Визначено ключові напрями підвищення результативності протидії фінансовим злочинам, серед яких удосконалення законодавства, формування ефективної політики інформаційної безпеки та розвиток міжнародної співпраці.