Annotation: (Українська) У статті досліджено теоретичні та практичні аспекти запобігання злочинності, а також здійснено аналіз оперативно-розшукового запобігання кримінальним правопорушенням. Зокрема, здійснено аналіз праць науковців у різні періоди щодо оперативно-розшукового запобігання кримінальним правопорушенням.

Annotation: Studies devoted to the pricing of digital financial assets and the formation of insurance reserves of insurance companies appear to be relevant and rapidly developing in the context of the global economy. The gradual transition to digital financial products and technologies creates new challenges and opportunities for economic research. This topic is considered at the economic level with the aim of in-depth analysis of the digital asset pricing process and its impact on the financial stability and risks of insurance companies. This research will focus on studying the mechanisms underlying the pricing of digital assets, including cryptocurrencies, digital securities and other financial instruments that are increasingly popular in today's world. Attention will also be focused on the analysis of strategies and methodologies for the formation of insurance reserves for insurance companies, especially those facing the risks of technology and digital assets. Research on this topic can contribute to the development of risk management and pricing strategies in the field of digital financial assets and insurance, which play an important role in the sustainable development of the global economy.

Annotation: In this article, an attempt was made to highlight the process of formation and development of Ukraine's foreign economic activity in the regions bordering the European Union, since the declaration of independence. Special attention is paid to cross-border trade as a key aspect of cooperation between Ukraine and Central European EU member states, it is defined as an important element of Euroregional cooperation and the strategy of Ukraine's acquisition of EU membership. Also, in the author's opinion, the main modern problems of the organization of cross-border trade in Ukraine are indicated in the article and the ways of improving these problems are identified. After all, over the past three years, there has been a trend towards a gradual deepening of bilateral cooperation between Ukraine and the EU. Ukraine is gradually entering the markets of the European Union, but there is a need to pay attention to a number of problems that prevent effective cooperation, in particular, effective protection of the competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy is important. Accordingly, improving the development of cross-border trade should become one of the priority directions of state policy, since this direction of foreign economic activity is also aimed at the implementation of the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states, with the other side the article also examines the research of domestic scientists, who see that at present the conditions for conducting cross-border trade are characterized, firstly, by a high degree of cost-effectiveness, caused by the duration of customs procedures, queues of vehicles at the border, missed economic benefits, and secondly, it is not enough developed regulatory, legal and organizational management foundations for the proper provision of cross-border trade in the conditions of the European integration policy, which is carried out by our state in order to become a full-fledged member of the Euro-Russian community. After all, it is known that the organization of cross-border trade between the member states of the Union is characterized by the openness of markets, which, in turn, stimulates the competitiveness of enterprises in border regions. Accordingly, all this necessitates the development of ways to improve the organization of cross-border trade.

Annotation: At the stage when companies diversify promotion tools and implement such modern tools of marketing communications, the problem of their fragmented and inconsistent application arises, caused by several factors. First, new tools of modern communication technologies emerge and develop at a rapid pace, which prompts companies to implement them in the set of promotional tools. In today's world, communications play a fundamental role in establishing and maintaining engagement between brands and their audiences. Effective communications do not just provide information, they build relationships between users. In order for this relationship to be successful, it is necessary to consider the values and image of the brand.

Annotation: The work reveals the main factors of the phenomenon of «Otamanship» during the Ukrainian Revolution (1917-1921).

Annotation: The article provides a theoretical analysis of war crimes in Ukraine during the period of martial law in the context of international humanitarian law. The peculiarities of the presentation of the forms of the objective side of the criminal offense provided for in Article 438 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine - violation of the laws and customs of war - were revealed, and a comparative analysis was made with the construction of war crimes and their characteristics in international criminal law. Statistics of cases of national courts for violations of the criminal offense provided for in Article 438 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine are provided. In the article, we propose an approach to the consideration of war crimes in the context of the protection of war victims, namely the civilian population.

Annotation: In the modern global business environment, characterized by instability and uncertainty, strategies for optimization and production placement acquire particular significance. Enterprises face unforeseen challenges, such as economic fluctuations, political instability, and the impact of global crises. In such conditions, there is a necessity to develop strategies that enable the optimization of production and efficient placement of manufacturing resources. This article aims to explore and highlight the key aspects of optimization and production placement in an unstable business environment. It considers not only the technical aspects of these issues but also strategic solutions that allow enterprises to adapt and anticipate changes in the economic and social landscape.

Annotation: (Українська) В статті розкрито сутність грошових потоків підприємства та їх рух, визначено їх склад в залежності від видів діяльності, акцентовано увагу на значимості операційного грошового потоку. Охарактеризовано вхідний та вихідний грошовий потік, процес їх формування та роль в діяльності підприємства, розкрито значення чистого грошового потоку.

Annotation: One of the factors that affects the financial system of the state is the formation of effective legislation in the field of land taxation. Recently, the national land policy has undergone fundamental changes, which related to the inclusion of land fees in local taxes, the increase of tax rates, the cancellation of some benefits, etc. In this regard, it is appropriate to analyze the domestic system of land taxation with a land tax, as it will make it possible to identify the existing shortcomings of the current taxation system, the causes of these shortcomings, as well as to outline ways to eliminate them. The need to analyze the state of land taxation is also mediated by the instability of legislation and the reform of the decentralization of state power in Ukraine. Despite the study of the legal nature of the land tax, the history of its application on the territory of Ukraine and the peculiarities of the composition of this tax, the procedure for paying the land tax, determining the normative monetary value of land and the participation in this process of local self-government bodies, the state fiscal service and other state authorities remain unclear.

Annotation: (Українська) Статтю присвячено проблемі змішаного навчання. Прогрес у розвитку інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій, пандемія у всьому світі та війна в Україні призвели до суттєвих змін у всіх сферах життя, зокрема і в освіті. Організація освітнього процесу зазнала значних коректив та оновлень, зокрема і впровадження змішаного навчання. У статті уточнено поняття «змішане навчання» та описано його переваги та недоліки на уроках інформатики у середній школі. Значно підвищити результативність навчання може лише ефективне поєднання різних технологій, тому що будь-яке навчання не може існувати в чистому вигляді. Обираючи форми навчання, слід ураховувати специфіку інформатики як шкільної дисципліни, просторове розташування студентів на уроці, матеріально-технічне оснащення та забезпечення, рівень цифрової компетентності викладача та здобувачів, графік навчання. Наукова новизна дослідження полягає у теоретичному обґрунтуванні переваг та недоліків організації навчального процесу у вигляді змішаного навчання на уроках інформатики у середній школі.