Rubric: Economy

Annotation: This article investigates the role of executive leadership in transforming financial management practices in global organizations, with a specific focus on the United States and Europe. Drawing on recent academic literature and authoritative consulting reports from the past five years, the study examines how top executives—particularly Chief Financial Officers—drive change through clear vision setting, strategic alignment, technology adoption, process reengineering, and talent development. The comparative analysis highlights common trends, such as a shift toward digital and data-driven financial functions, as well as regional differences in the urgency and methods of transformation. The findings indicate that effective executive leadership is pivotal for overcoming resistance to change, ensuring regulatory compliance, and fostering a culture of continuous improvement. These insights provide both theoretical contributions and practical recommendations for organizations aiming to modernize their financial management in today’s complex business environment.

Annotation: The study focuses on improving inventory management efficiency through accurate demand forecasting. It provides an overview of key statistical methods (ARIMA, exponential smoothing) and modern machine learning techniques (decision trees, neural networks), along with their hybrid versions. The impact of forecast accuracy on critical logistics aspects—inventory levels, safety stock, turnover rates, and shortage risks—is examined. Successful implementation practices in leading companies are analyzed, highlighting the economic benefits achieved. The author's contribution includes recommendations on selecting and adapting models to the specifics of logistics processes, as well as proposals for integrating demand forecasting with other elements of supply chain management.

Annotation: This study explores the psychological and economic prerequisites for the formation of demand for tourism services, taking into account not only travelers' incomes but also stable personality traits, values, and motivations. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that classical economic models, which rely solely on demographic and financial parameters, often prove insufficiently accurate in predicting actual consumer behavior in the tourism sector. The novelty of this work lies in the proposal of an expanded approach that integrates elements of behavioral economics and psychological variables into traditional models of tourism demand. The study describes various ways to account for personality factors, cognitive biases, and emotional engagement of tourists, as well as an analysis of existing research confirming the significance of these factors in route selection and expenditure distribution. Particular attention is given to comparing models that incorporate social preferences and motivational attitudes. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the advantages of a comprehensive approach that considers both economic and psychological determinants. The findings may be useful for tourism and marketing professionals in designing products and forecasting travelers' expenditure structures.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the issues of forming financial instruments to support sustainable development at the national level. The study aims to analyze and improve the existing theoretical and methodological principles of financing sustainable development and substantiate the financial instruments to support sustainable development at the national level. The article considers the theoretical and practical aspects of financing sustainable development, which is key to ensuring economic growth, social justice, and environmental sustainability. The study analyzes the main problems associated with financing sustainable development projects, such as insufficient state funding, low private sector interest, difficulty accessing international capital markets, imperfection of financial mechanisms, and lack of effective coordination between stakeholders. It was found that the main factors that complicate sustainable development financing are the low level of awareness of financial market participants about the advantages of sustainable financing, the imperfect regulatory framework, and the lack of incentive mechanisms, such as tax incentives and subsidies. The study revealed the importance of integrating economic, environmental, and social aspects in financial policy to ensure long-term sustainability. The study substantiates the importance of using innovative financial instruments, such as green bonds, environmental funds, social bonds, and tax incentives to attract investments in sustainable development. The article also examines the specifics of financial instruments by components of sustainable development: economic, environmental, and social. Particular attention is paid to the issues of resource mobilization, environmental management, innovation stimulation, and social justice. It is noted that effective financial risk management is an important condition for ensuring the sustainability of financial systems. The study contributes significantly to understanding the concept of financing for sustainable development, offering practical recommendations for improving financing mechanisms that will contribute to achieving sustainable development goals.