Рубрики: Інформаційні технології

Understanding the causes of hallucinations in large language models

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Бібліографічний опис статті:

. Understanding the causes of hallucinations in large language models//Наука онлайн: Міжнародний електронний науковий журнал - 2024. - №9. - https://nauka-online.com/publications/information-technology/2024/9/03-35/

Анотація: (English) Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) are a systemic problem that manifests itself when models generate information that does not correspond to the ground truth or input data. This phenomenon significantly limits the application of LLMs in mission-critical domains such as medicine, law, research, and journalism, where the accuracy and reliability of information are of utmost importance. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of three key factors that contribute to hallucinations: issues related to the quality and structure of training data; architectural features of transformer models that predispose them to error accumulation; and the lack of built-in fact-checking mechanisms, due to which models rely solely on statistical regularities. Each of these factors is discussed in detail using relevant research, and potential solutions are proposed. The paper includes three dedicated graphs that visualize the relationship between various model parameters and the occurrence of hallucinations. The results of the study indicate the need for a comprehensive approach to improving LLM, including both improving data preprocessing methods and modifying the model architecture and introducing additional verification mechanisms.

Modern digital technologies in their interaction with TRIZ

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Бібліографічний опис статті:

. Modern digital technologies in their interaction with TRIZ//Наука онлайн: Міжнародний електронний науковий журнал - 2025. - №5. - https://nauka-online.com/publications/information-technology/2025/5/07-21/

Анотація: (English) Modern intelligent multidisciplinary digital technologies, incorporating elements of artificial intelligence and artificial neural networks, generate numerous complex psychological nuances and product marketing aspects during their development, especially when interacting with TRIZ and ARIZ. The emergence of information technologies and the drastic reduction of the time cycle required to transform an inventive idea into a real, market-demanded, and viable product, along with the increasing complexity of the technical and technological components of new products—which proportionally raises the cost of prototype manufacturing and testing—necessitate a fundamentally new approach to creating technical solutions. These solutions may include auxiliary innovative functions, often non-obvious at first glance. Several fundamental directions have a decisive influence on the fate of new ideas under today's conditions. Taking these into account can ensure a high level of commercial success; conversely, ignoring them may permanently close the path to commercialization of the idea in any form.

Digital technologies with elements of artificial intelligence and artificial neural networks

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Бібліографічний опис статті:

. Digital technologies with elements of artificial intelligence and artificial neural networks//Наука онлайн: Міжнародний електронний науковий журнал - 2025. - №5. - https://nauka-online.com/publications/information-technology/2025/5/02-40/

Анотація: (English) Nuances and aspects of marketing products created based on and in the development of digital technologies in their interaction with TRIZ.

The nature of modern technical systems of varying complexity

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Бібліографічний опис статті:

. The nature of modern technical systems of varying complexity//Наука онлайн: Міжнародний електронний науковий журнал - 2025. - №4. - https://nauka-online.com/publications/information-technology/2025/4/12-19/

Анотація: (English) Today, when the process of making technical and technological decisions is deeply influenced by computer-aided design methods — especially the SolidWorks software family, which can rightfully be associated with artificial intelligence — the number of factors and features in technical solutions and their development up to the technical supersystem level becomes so significant that it demands localized consistency with definitions, principles, and identification methods of the entire hierarchy of technical solutions: from a local technical solution with non-adjustable technical and technological links (a subsystem), to a complex conglomerate of local technical solutions (a supersystem). It must be acknowledged that, for the first time in global practice, such classification optimization of technical solution types was achieved in the publications of a modern specialist who equally masters the methodologies and techniques of classical design and computer programming — Dmytro Sumtsov. As challenges related to the development, modernization, and optimization of technology grow more complex, isolated local solutions no longer satisfy clients. They seek paths toward the Ideal Final Result (IFR), and reality pushes them to look for compositional, integrative, and complex solutions — in full alignment with the terminology and definitions optimized by Dmytro Sumtsov in his recent publications. Issues of identifying all types and levels of technical solutions primarily affect the systemic protection of created and developing intellectual property — both at the level of active and effective subsystems and at the level of active accumulators of properties within technical supersystems.

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