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Annotation: This article examines the impact of different diet types, plant‐based and Western, on the composition and functional state of the gut microbiota, its metabolites, and related immunometabolic processes. The relevance of this study is rooted in the key role of the microbiota as an “auxiliary organ” that synthesizes vitamins, regulates energy metabolism, and shapes immune tolerance through the production of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which account for a substantial portion of interindividual differences attributable specifically to diet. This work aims to systematically describe and quantitatively assess changes in taxonomy, metabolomes, and markers of barrier function and inflammation when switching to plant‐based versus Western dietary patterns, drawing on the latest metagenomic cohorts, intervention studies, and multi‐omic analyses. Methodologically, the study combines metagenomics (shotgun sequencing, 16S rRNA), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of SCFAs, measurement of permeability and inflammation markers (CRP, IL‐6, TNF-α, zonulin, LBP), and multivariate statistical models. The novelty of this work lies in the integration of large‐scale population data with controlled intervention results, which not only confirmed a consistent increase in butyrate‐producing genera and SCFA levels on plant‐based diets but also traced in detail the molecular mechanisms of their anti‐inflammatory action via GPR41/43 receptors and histone deacetylase inhibition, while juxtaposing these effects against dysbiosis, endotoxemia, and chronic inflammation observed with Western‐type diets. This article will be valuable to dietitians, microbiologists, clinical researchers, and preventive medicine specialists interested in evidence‐based microbiota modulation through rational nutrition.

Annotation: Studying the cognitive factor in website personalization is an integral part of creating effective, user-oriented digital products. It helps to increase the convenience, satisfaction and commercial success of resources, which makes this aspect especially relevant in the face of growing competition and requirements for high-quality UX.

Annotation: The U.S. trucking industry is a driving force and a linchpin of national freight transportation assuring economic connectivity and security. However, it faces intense challenges such as driver shortages, infrastructure constraints, decarbonization pressures, technological disruption, and regulatory uncertainty. This paper reviews current barriers to innovation in the trucking sector and outlines prospective directions for research and practice. Emphasis is placed on automation, electrification, digitalization, workforce development, and sustainability. The purpose of this article, based on recent reports, industry white papers, and academic research, is to provide a comprehensive overview for stakeholders and researchers interested in the development of trucking in the United States.

Annotation: This scientific article offers a comprehensive analysis of international legal acts in road safety, their systematization, and the specifics of their application in the modern context. The research traces the evolution of international legal regulation from early 20th-century conventions to contemporary multilateral agreements, assesses the effectiveness of existing mechanisms through comparative legal analysis, and identifies promising directions for development given global transport security challenges. It examines in detail the fundamental international documents regulating the cross-border movement of vehicles, in particular the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic of 1968, the Geneva Convention on Road Traffic of 1949, and related regulatory acts, including technical regulations, protocols, and recommendations of specialized international organizations such as the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. The article employs doctrinal and empirical research methods to critically analyze the mechanisms of implementing international legal norms into national legislation and the problems of harmonizing different legal systems. Special attention is paid to regional integration processes and their impact on the standardization of road safety requirements across jurisdictions with other legal traditions and socio-economic conditions. The article proposes an innovative theoretical and methodological approach to classifying international legal acts in the studied field, developing an original typology based on criteria of legal force, scope of application, and functional purpose. Based on a systematic analysis of international practice involving data from over 30 countries, key trends in the development of legal regulation of road safety in the context of globalization, digital transformation of transport systems, and integration of autonomous vehicles are identified. The practical significance of the research extends to providing a foundation for legislative improvements and international cooperation initiatives aimed at reducing road traffic fatalities globally. The scientific value of the research lies in its comprehensive approach to studying international legal mechanisms for ensuring road safety and formulating specific proposals for optimizing the processes of implementing global standards in Ukrainian legislation.