Рубрики: Технічні науки

Анотація: Стаття присвячена розгляду перспективним напрямам розвитку сервісної діяльності для підприємств готельного та ресторанного бізнесу. В статті розглянуто теоретичні засади сервісної діяльності індустрії гостинності, а також проаналізовано та систематизовано перспективні напрямки розвитку сервісу, враховуючи актуальні світові тренди. Також, окремо розглянуто шляхи удосконалення сервісу для вітчизняних підприємств, враховуючи внутрішню ситуацію в країні, а також потреби місцевих споживачів. Дана стаття розглядає комплексний підхід впливу різних факторів на сервісну діяльність готельно-ресторанних підприємств, зокрема враховуючи чинники зовнішнього середовища. В статті наведений прямий взаємозв’язок між діяльністю підприємством в процесі створення продукту гостинності та лояльністю споживачів.

Анотація: (English) The article investigates the comprehensive transformation of the operational environment of the independent US automotive aftermarket. The subject matter is examined in the context of the transition from traditional highly specialized transponders to programmable ecosystems of universal smart keys and multi-protocol superchips. Special attention is given to microeconomic shifts, problems of cryptographic fragmentation and cognitive adaptation of human capital to the new digital reality. The work is directed at identifying pathways for the optimization of logistical resources, the minimization of technological risks and the institutional legalization of processes through federal cybersecurity standards. The research architecture is based on a pragmatic approach applying a convergent mixed-methods design. The quantitative stage includes financial modeling and operational time studies based on 120 American service centers. The qualitative stage relies on unstructured expert consultations with 45 certified vehicle security professionals and thematic synthesis of their cognitive load. The use of multi-protocol superchips creates a “sandbox environment” that fosters a heuristic approach to programming. The extensive model of physical inventory accumulation is increasingly supplemented or superseded by digital flexibility, which reduces the warehouse nomenclature by approximately 84.3%. The key achievement of innovation management is the improvement of cognitive ergonomics: the decoupling of cryptographic code from the hardware carrier and the possibility of multiple rewriting of superchips institutionalize the “right to error”. This substantially reduces cognitive overload and the professional stress level of engineers by approximately 62%. The successful assimilation of technologies is possible only under strict legal compliance (NASTF, SDRM), which transfers specialists into the status of authorized data analysts, challenging traditional dealer service models.

Анотація: (English) The increasing complexity of modern wedding cake designs has transformed pastry production into a multidisciplinary field combining culinary arts, food science, structural engineering, and logistics management. Contemporary wedding cakes frequently incorporate multiple tiers, suspended elements, edible sculptures, and temperature-sensitive fillings, making them highly vulnerable to environmental conditions during transportation and display. Outdoor wedding events present additional challenges due to elevated temperatures, solar radiation, humidity fluctuations, and limited access to refrigeration. This review examines the factors affecting the thermal stability of wedding cakes during transportation and outdoor display. Particular attention is given to the thermal behavior of ganache and buttercream finishing systems, the influence of environmental conditions on structural integrity, and the role of transportation-induced mechanical stresses. Published literature from food engineering, confectionery science, thermal processing, and food preservation was analyzed to identify critical variables associated with cake stability. In addition, engineering approaches commonly used in professional cake production were evaluated as methods for reducing structural and thermal risks. The analysis indicates that environmental temperature, direct solar exposure, relative humidity, and transportation duration are the principal factors influencing cake performance. Chocolate ganache coatings demonstrate superior thermal stability compared with buttercream systems due to the crystalline structure of cocoa butter and reduced susceptibility to deformation at elevated temperatures [3; 14]. Furthermore, the integration of engineering principles, including load distribution systems, thermal insulation, and transportation planning, significantly improves the reliability of large-scale wedding cake installations. The findings highlight the importance of adopting interdisciplinary approaches in modern cake architecture and provide practical recommendations for pastry professionals involved in the production and delivery of premium wedding cakes.

Анотація: (English) The article is devoted to the search for algorithms that allow drivers and fleet operators to reduce road risks based on telematics data, behavioral analysis and risk scoring. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that in the conditions of digitalization of the short-term car rental market, driving safety can no longer be ensured only by traditional control of violations or technical monitoring of the vehicle. Dynamic assessment of driver behavior is becoming more important, which allows identifying risk patterns directly during the trip. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the features of dynamic assessment of driving risk based on telematics data in short-term car rental fleets on the US market. The study used general scientific methods of analysis, generalization, comparison and systematization of scientific literature. The author's methodology for comprehensive risk assessment is also presented, which can be adapted to the conditions of the US market and integrated into modern telematics, insurance and fleet-management systems. The article also shows that approaches to assessing driving risk have different construction logics. Some models are focused on the driver's perception of danger, while others use sensory signals, a smartphone, GPS or OBD-II data to recognize driving style. This allowed us to show that it is advisable to assess the risk in rental fleets not as a single event, but as a sequence of driver behavioral reactions within a specific trip. It is this approach that creates the basis for earlier detection of unstable or aggressive driving behavior. The practical significance of the study is that the proposed methodology can be used by international fleets, short-term car rental companies, insurance companies that use usage-based insurance models, as well as state and municipal transport systems. Its strengths include the ability to prevent fleet accidents through early detection of risky behavior, reduce insurance and repair costs, create an AI-model of behavioral risk scoring of the driver, scale to various telematics and fleet-management platforms, and transform fleets into data-driven safety and risk management systems.