Аннотация: (English) The subject of the present research is the specificity of the prehospital management of acute life-threatening conditions of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and severe neuroglycopenia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) within the framework of the American emergency medical services (EMS) system. The clinical situation is analyzed wherein the provision of urgent care under conditions of information deficit and severe time constraints becomes a catalyst for severe iatrogenic complications. In focus are the cognitive biases of providers, the phenomenon of diagnostic obfuscation and systemic contradictions between the complex transcellular biochemistry of endocrine crises and the rigid architecture of field operational algorithms. The objective of the work consists in conducting a comprehensive, pathophysiologically substantiated critical analysis of the most common diagnostic and therapeutic errors committed by emergency medical crews. The research seeks to deconstruct the mechanisms of iatrogenesis occurrence to substantiate the necessity for the profound humanization and conceptual optimization of local EMS protocols. To realize the set objective, an integrative critical review design was applied, combining elements of the retrospective analysis of clinical guidelines and the assessment of epidemiological metrics. Leading medical repositories (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus) served as the information base, encompassing specialized publications for the 2010-2024 period. The research synthesizes current consensuses of US associations (ADA, NAEMSP, ACEP) and representative data of the National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS). The extracted data array was subjected to thematic content analysis with the stratification of identified deviations into three fundamental categories: diagnostic distortions, osmotic catastrophes of fluid resuscitation and pharmacotherapeutic incidents. The research results convincingly demonstrate that the high frequency of complications in patients with T1DM is a logical consequence of systemic algorithmic dissonance rather than the individual incompetence of medical professionals. To break the vicious cycle of iatrogenesis, the mandatory integration of expanded screening (POCT) into the basic triage protocol, the categorical rejection of the prehospital application of exogenous insulin and the transition to a restrictive, physiologically calibrated tactic of infusion therapy and the gentle alleviation of hypoglycemia (D10W) are critically necessary. The global transformation of prehospital endocrinology requires the abandonment of the rigid “cookbook medicine” concept in favor of adaptive guidelines returning to paramedics the right to scientifically substantiated clinical judgment.

Аннотация: (English) The article reveals the theoretical, physico-chemical, and practical aspects of the formation of resistant starch during the preparation, cooling, and reheating of starch-containing products. It has been established that the formation of resistant starch depends on the starch structure, the ratio of amylose and amylopectin, as well as on the processing conditions. Special attention is paid to retrograde modification, which occurs after heat treatment and subsequent cooling of the product, and is a key factor for the formation of resistant starch type RS3. Data on products that have the greatest potential for the formation of resistant starch are summarized, as well as its importance for metabolic health. Resistant starch helps to reduce the postprandial glycemic response, participates in fermentation in the colon, and may have a beneficial effect on the intestinal microbiota. The article discusses the potential applications of resistant starch in the field of nutrition and food technology. The main limitations were also identified, and directions for future research in this area were outlined.

Аннотация: (English) At most large domestic enterprises, the HR department and the payroll department report to different managers, which creates a gap between HR decisions and their reflection in payroll calculations and increases the risks during inspections by regulatory authorities. The article examines the organizational and technological conditions under which a personnel evaluation system becomes an effective tool for enterprise management. Based on the author's management experience at three large enterprises – SE “Pivdennyi Sea Port Administration,” OilGasChem Service (OGC Service), and Lukoil Technologies Services Ukraine – a comparative analysis of personnel evaluation methods is conducted, the role of personnel commissions is characterized, and the author's HR-ERP system, implemented from scratch at two enterprises (OilGasChem Service (OGC Service) and Lukoil Technologies Services Ukraine), is described. It was found that combining a competency model, KPI approach, and performance review provides better management results than using each method separately. It was shown that combining the functions of the HR manager and the head of the payroll department in one position significantly reduces the number of calculation errors and ensures end-to-end consistency of personnel documentation and reporting. The scientific novelty is the concept of “live calculation” – an architectural solution in which any change in personnel status automatically and without delay recalculates accruals, which fundamentally distinguishes the system from standard solutions based on the paradigm of closing the calculation month.

Аннотация: (English) This publication is dedicated to the quantitative evaluation and mathematical substantiation of the economic efficacy of the proprietary VFRP (Visual Finish-Result Planning) technology within the context of retail chain deployment. The study is grounded in a comprehensive analysis of a professional project portfolio spanning from 2007 to 2022, encompassing 108 completed fit-out projects (n = 108). The methodology demonstrates no statistically significant schedule deviation within the observed sample, while ensuring high operational stability during the simultaneous management of up to 17-20 assets. The author proposes an innovative management system predicated on backward scheduling mechanisms and the visualization of the target state as a “Single source of truth”. The study presents a mathematical model for the minimization of economic attrition, encompassing the formalization of empty rent expenditures, opportunity costs and rework expenses. Particular emphasis is placed on the variable frequency response mechanism, which ensures the exponential decay of temporal errors through non-linear control reinforcement at critical interaction nodes. Empirical verification across international chains confirms that the VFRP technology guarantees zero schedule variance in 95% of implementation cases. The research findings position VFRP as a fundamental investment risk hedging mechanism that ensures the stabilization of operational profit from the inaugural day of the lease.

Аннотация: (English) Massage therapy is widely used to relieve muscle tension and improve circulation, yet the physiological mechanisms responsible for these effects remain fragmented across disciplines. This study constructs a hierarchical model of how massage acts on muscle tissue, the vascular system, and the nervous system at different levels of biological organization. Through a systematic review of 20 peer-reviewed sources, including shear-wave elastography studies, Doppler ultrasound investigations, near-infrared spectroscopy measurements, and molecular-level biopsy analyses published between 1990 and 2024, the study identifies four distinct levels at which massage exerts its effects: the tissue level (viscoelastic deformation and fascial remodeling), the macrovascular level (venous return facilitation without significant arterial flow increase), the microcirculatory level (capillary perfusion enhancement and lymphatic drainage), and the neuroreflex level (spinal, brainstem, and cortical modulation of muscle tone). A notable finding is that massage does not increase arterial blood flow to muscles, as demonstrated by Shoemaker et al. [8] and confirmed by Wiltshire et al. [10], contradicting a widely held assumption. At the molecular level, Crane et al. [1] showed that massage attenuates NF-κB signaling and stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis via PGC-1α activation. The study proposes three original analytical frameworks: a three-stage temporal model of muscle relaxation based on shear-wave elastography data [4; 6; 7], a concept of differentiated vascular response synthesizing Doppler and near-infrared evidence [8–12], and a comparative effectiveness matrix evaluating six massage techniques across six physiological parameters.

Аннотация: (English) This study explores the psychosocial mechanisms within the athlete-mentor dyad, aiming to define how systemic martial arts training fosters discipline, reduces deviant behavior and cultivates leadership traits among youth. The research employs a qualitative interdisciplinary approach, integrating sports pedagogy, behavioral psychology and sociological analysis. A system-structural analysis was utilized to model the discipline internalization loop. The empirical base includes a retrospective review of longitudinal case studies of high-performance athletes in boxing and wrestling over a 5-year period, alongside a comparative analysis of global and regional (Ukrainian) youth sports participation trends from 2005 to 2025. The findings indicate that the mentor serves as the primary architect of a hidden curriculum, where the internalization of rigid ethical codes acts as a predictor of both elite competitive success and social adaptation. The application of stress inoculation training demonstrated a strong correlation between the regulation of acute physiological stress and the development of adaptive tactical intelligence. A significant paradigmatic shift was observed in the Ukrainian cohort, where motivation for athletic engagement has transitioned from aesthetic aspirations to functional fortitude as a mechanism of national resilience. The study validates the athlete-mentor as an architect framework, concluding that the integration of hierarchical mimesis and progressive psychosocial overload effectively transforms raw aggression into social responsibility. Martial arts training is thus positioned as a critical institution for developing socially integrated leaders capable of operating under conditions of chronic external stress.

Аннотация: (English) The article examines how prepayment affects the structure of forward contracts with deferred pricing. This tool allows you to distribute credit and price risks between the parties. The analysis shows that prepayment reduces the risk of non-payment for the recipient, but at the same time increases the likelihood of non-repayment of funds and creates liquidity constraints for the payer. And in the case of an "open price", it can increase the conflict of interests around its fixation. The findings can be used to develop prepayment conditions, types of collateral, and price fixing rules to increase the stability of transaction execution.

Аннотация: (English) Jumping (plyometric) work can improve power, rate of force development, and jump performance, with some studies finding improvements comparable to the effects of traditional strength training/weightlifting for a range of speed-strength parameters. For strength athletes, the key question is not "should I jump?" but "how much should I jump" to achieve a stimulus without overloading the tendons or impairing recovery after lifting. This article proposes a practice-oriented model of "optimal volume" using clear metrics (contacts, intensity, frequency, weekly distribution) and based on data from systematic reviews/meta-analyses and methodological recommendations on plyometric volume.

Аннотация: (Українська) У статті досліджено теоретико-методичні засади формування гібридних стратегій розвитку підприємств в умовах цифрової економіки. Обґрунтовано необхідність поєднання традиційних конкурентних стратегій із цифровими бізнес-моделями, платформеними рішеннями та інструментами аналітики даних. Уточнено економічний зміст поняття «гібридна стратегія розвитку підприємства» як інтегрованої системи стратегічних рішень, що забезпечує синергію класичних підходів стратегічного управління та цифрових механізмів створення цінності. Запропоновано класифікацію гібридних стратегій залежно від векторів цифрової трансформації підприємства, зокрема виокремлено стратегію цифрової диференціації, платформено-продуктову, data-driven, екосистемну та інноваційно-адаптивну стратегії. Розроблено модель інтегрованого стратегічного управління з урахуванням рівня цифрової зрілості підприємства та систему показників оцінювання ефективності реалізації гібридної стратегії. Доведено, що впровадження гібридних стратегій сприяє підвищенню конкурентоспроможності, адаптивності та інноваційності підприємств у турбулентному цифровому середовищі.

Аннотация: (English) This article explores the use of hand puppets and theatrical play techniques in educational and corrective–developmental work with children with autism spectrum disorders. The study analyses the psychoemotional and communicative characteristics of this group of children, as well as the limitations of traditional pedagogical approaches. A theatrical play–based approach is substantiated, in which the puppet character functions as a mediating tool that enables indirect pedagogical interaction. The paper outlines the methodological principles for organizing a theatrical play environment and describes the key stages of working with hand puppets. Observed outcomes of the practical application of the approach and the conditions supporting the sustainability of its effects in educational practice are also presented.