Аннотация: (English) This article examines the role of preschool teachers in creating an inclusive learning environment for children with special educational needs. The analysis covers the theoretical foundations of inclusive preschool education, practical experience working with children on the autism spectrum, methods for developing individualized educational pathways, and strategies for adapting teaching methods. The empirical basis consists of materials from pedagogical observations conducted between November 2021 and January 2022 involving 28 children of early preschool age (3–4 years), as well as the author’s 18 years of teaching experience. The results suggest positive trends across most key indicators. The proportion of children experiencing adaptation difficulties decreased from 25-30% to 5-7%. Adult intervention in conflict situations decreased from 80% to 35% of cases, while children's independent conflict resolution increased from 40% to 90%. Active participation in the morning circle increased from 35% to 75%. The article argues that within early preschool settings, the quality of inclusive education appears to be shaped primarily by the teacher's pedagogical competence and values, rather than merely by the administrative expansion of the network of inclusive groups.

Аннотация: (English) The incorporation of sustainable development concepts into residential projects presents one of the most difficult and significant problems in modern-day construction. The notion that there is an inherent trade-off between sustainability investments and minimizing costs obscures the fact that sustainable development and affordability have complementary relationships during the entire life cycle of buildings. In this article we discuss four areas of the relationship between sustainability and affordability: 1) reconciling sustainability and affordability as two competing objectives; 2) the application of energy efficiency and lifecycle cost methods to produce long term affordability; 3) the production of large-scale housing using sustainable materials and locally sourced raw materials; and 4) how sustainable affordable housing can contribute to achieving the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Through the results of a systematic review of relevant academic literature, the authors position the integrated engineering and management methodology of Chirkin as the operational model for reconciling sustainability and affordability at the project level. Each of the four pillars of the Chirkin methodology - engineering-management integration, turnkey standardization, lean operational logic, and scalable modularity - addresses each of the tensions related to sustainability-affordability discussed within the literature to provide a structural method to produce houses that are both cost effective, energy efficient and aligned with SDGs. Directions for policy implications and potential avenues for future research based on the findings from the study will be presented.

Аннотация: (English) With modern marketing structures more complex and data-rich than ever before, organizations are under growing pressure to optimize performance without adding the cost associated with doing so. Although there are many approaches that suggest that budget expansion is a primary driver of growth, emerging evidence is pointing out that inefficiencies within marketing systems mean that the return on marketing investment (ROMI) is often constrained. The Efficiency-Driven Marketing Optimization Model (EDMOM) as an analytical frame which the author developed serves to improve the performance of marketing with process and allocation optimization. Based on literature within the fields of marketing analytics, customer journey theory and omnichannel strategy, this study defines marketing inefficiency in terms of misallocation of resources as a product of misguided funnel dynamics. The model incorporates financial metrics such as CPL and CAC with funnel-based analytics to uncover structural inefficiencies and resource misallocation. Data to date suggests there exists a significant efficiency gap at transition stages in the funnel and fragmented omnichannel environments, thereby resulting in inflated acquisition costs despite stable lead generation performance. The study also adds to the literature by discussing a system-level strategy to marketing optimization, with higher ROMI generation by optimizing funnel efficiency and budget allocation at the same time while remaining in equilibrium with total marketing expenditure.

Аннотация: (Українська) Стаття присвячена розгляду перспективним напрямам розвитку сервісної діяльності для підприємств готельного та ресторанного бізнесу. В статті розглянуто теоретичні засади сервісної діяльності індустрії гостинності, а також проаналізовано та систематизовано перспективні напрямки розвитку сервісу, враховуючи актуальні світові тренди. Також, окремо розглянуто шляхи удосконалення сервісу для вітчизняних підприємств, враховуючи внутрішню ситуацію в країні, а також потреби місцевих споживачів. Дана стаття розглядає комплексний підхід впливу різних факторів на сервісну діяльність готельно-ресторанних підприємств, зокрема враховуючи чинники зовнішнього середовища. В статті наведений прямий взаємозв’язок між діяльністю підприємством в процесі створення продукту гостинності та лояльністю споживачів.

Аннотация: (English) Every year, more than 300 million people visit U.S. national parks. Managing such large numbers of visitors without harming the environment requires specific solutions, and over the past century, these solutions have been compiled into a body of documented best practices. This article examines which approaches have proven effective, where unexpected consequences have arisen and what practical lessons can be learned from this experience by managers of protected areas. The role of travel agencies is also considered: data from three independent Ukrainian agencies showed a reduction in the number of incidents during trips of between 47% and 58% following the introduction of mandatory pre-departure briefings for clients. The article concludes that a combination of regulatory, educational and technological measures, aligned with continuous monitoring of the actual state of ecosystems, is key. The pre-departure preparation methodology developed by the author, formalized as the CXC-360 Visitor Preparation Framework, represents a scalable model applicable beyond the Ukrainian context.

Аннотация: (English) The article investigates the comprehensive transformation of the operational environment of the independent US automotive aftermarket. The subject matter is examined in the context of the transition from traditional highly specialized transponders to programmable ecosystems of universal smart keys and multi-protocol superchips. Special attention is given to microeconomic shifts, problems of cryptographic fragmentation and cognitive adaptation of human capital to the new digital reality. The work is directed at identifying pathways for the optimization of logistical resources, the minimization of technological risks and the institutional legalization of processes through federal cybersecurity standards. The research architecture is based on a pragmatic approach applying a convergent mixed-methods design. The quantitative stage includes financial modeling and operational time studies based on 120 American service centers. The qualitative stage relies on unstructured expert consultations with 45 certified vehicle security professionals and thematic synthesis of their cognitive load. The use of multi-protocol superchips creates a “sandbox environment” that fosters a heuristic approach to programming. The extensive model of physical inventory accumulation is increasingly supplemented or superseded by digital flexibility, which reduces the warehouse nomenclature by approximately 84.3%. The key achievement of innovation management is the improvement of cognitive ergonomics: the decoupling of cryptographic code from the hardware carrier and the possibility of multiple rewriting of superchips institutionalize the “right to error”. This substantially reduces cognitive overload and the professional stress level of engineers by approximately 62%. The successful assimilation of technologies is possible only under strict legal compliance (NASTF, SDRM), which transfers specialists into the status of authorized data analysts, challenging traditional dealer service models.

Аннотация: (English) The increasing complexity of modern wedding cake designs has transformed pastry production into a multidisciplinary field combining culinary arts, food science, structural engineering, and logistics management. Contemporary wedding cakes frequently incorporate multiple tiers, suspended elements, edible sculptures, and temperature-sensitive fillings, making them highly vulnerable to environmental conditions during transportation and display. Outdoor wedding events present additional challenges due to elevated temperatures, solar radiation, humidity fluctuations, and limited access to refrigeration. This review examines the factors affecting the thermal stability of wedding cakes during transportation and outdoor display. Particular attention is given to the thermal behavior of ganache and buttercream finishing systems, the influence of environmental conditions on structural integrity, and the role of transportation-induced mechanical stresses. Published literature from food engineering, confectionery science, thermal processing, and food preservation was analyzed to identify critical variables associated with cake stability. In addition, engineering approaches commonly used in professional cake production were evaluated as methods for reducing structural and thermal risks. The analysis indicates that environmental temperature, direct solar exposure, relative humidity, and transportation duration are the principal factors influencing cake performance. Chocolate ganache coatings demonstrate superior thermal stability compared with buttercream systems due to the crystalline structure of cocoa butter and reduced susceptibility to deformation at elevated temperatures [3; 14]. Furthermore, the integration of engineering principles, including load distribution systems, thermal insulation, and transportation planning, significantly improves the reliability of large-scale wedding cake installations. The findings highlight the importance of adopting interdisciplinary approaches in modern cake architecture and provide practical recommendations for pastry professionals involved in the production and delivery of premium wedding cakes.

Аннотация: (English) The article is devoted to the study of the semiotics of pun humor among the generation of 2000s (Gen Z) and the peculiarities of communication culture. The aim of the article is to identify specific semiotic mechanisms underlying the humor of the generation of 2000s. The research methods include semiotic analysis, content analysis of digital communications, a systematic approach to the study of humorous practices, as well as a synthesis of scientific sources in the field of linguistics, psychology of humor and media studies. The results show that the humor of the 2000s generation is very different from the humor of older people. It is often built on absurdity, innuendo, memes and jokes that are understandable only to those who know the Internet context well. Digital content, especially memes, works not just as a picture or text. They simultaneously combine words, images, emotions and cultural references. That is why one meme can have several meanings. Wordplay and puns on the Internet have also changed. They are no longer always built according to the usual rules of language. Often a joke may seem strange or illogical, but this is precisely its funny effect. Such humor is clearly visible in memes, communication through emojis and the rapid exchange of jokes on social networks, when people pick up one joke and continue it in their own way. The practical significance of the study is determined by the possibility of a deeper understanding of a specific audience that actively communicates in the media space, which will positively affect the volume of customer engagement by marketing companies. By creating content that is understandable for the specified age group, trust and a favorable environment for further interaction are formed.

Аннотация: (English) The article is devoted to the search for algorithms that allow drivers and fleet operators to reduce road risks based on telematics data, behavioral analysis and risk scoring. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that in the conditions of digitalization of the short-term car rental market, driving safety can no longer be ensured only by traditional control of violations or technical monitoring of the vehicle. Dynamic assessment of driver behavior is becoming more important, which allows identifying risk patterns directly during the trip. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the features of dynamic assessment of driving risk based on telematics data in short-term car rental fleets on the US market. The study used general scientific methods of analysis, generalization, comparison and systematization of scientific literature. The author's methodology for comprehensive risk assessment is also presented, which can be adapted to the conditions of the US market and integrated into modern telematics, insurance and fleet-management systems. The article also shows that approaches to assessing driving risk have different construction logics. Some models are focused on the driver's perception of danger, while others use sensory signals, a smartphone, GPS or OBD-II data to recognize driving style. This allowed us to show that it is advisable to assess the risk in rental fleets not as a single event, but as a sequence of driver behavioral reactions within a specific trip. It is this approach that creates the basis for earlier detection of unstable or aggressive driving behavior. The practical significance of the study is that the proposed methodology can be used by international fleets, short-term car rental companies, insurance companies that use usage-based insurance models, as well as state and municipal transport systems. Its strengths include the ability to prevent fleet accidents through early detection of risky behavior, reduce insurance and repair costs, create an AI-model of behavioral risk scoring of the driver, scale to various telematics and fleet-management platforms, and transform fleets into data-driven safety and risk management systems.

Аннотация: (English) This article argues that emotional literacy sits at the intersection of cognitive and affective development in bilingual children, a relationship that has grown harder to ignore as linguistic diversity becomes an everyday classroom reality and frameworks like the Whole Child approach push education toward more holistic goals. Neuroscience and cognitive linguistics both point in the same direction: bilingualism does more than expand vocabulary. It engages the executive functions of the prefrontal cortex; the mechanisms children rely on to recognize and regulate what they feel. Building on this, the article draws on emotional granularity and Theory of Mind as analytical tools, and reconsiders the "third space" as a context where hybrid identity can genuinely take root. Empirical data from the USA grounds the argument: where SEL interventions have been sustained, their relationship with the academic performance of bilingual students is statistically significant, with real implications for how inclusive learning environments are built. The author describes and verifies the efficacy of specific pedagogical modalities ranging from translanguaging pedagogy to body-oriented practices, emphasizing the role of the teacher and familial context in fostering the child`s “emotional immunity”. A case study involving 5 states is utilized and contemporary methods for cultivating emotional literacy in bilingual environments across 12 U.S. cities are examined. The article concludes with the substantiation that an additive approach to bilingualism transforms it from a factor of acculturative stress into a strategic cognitive resource.